They adopted it to suit their patriotic quest

Ratansen invited the emperor to his palace, where Alauddin managed to steal a glimpse of the bewitching Padmavati. The Muslim authors of such works did away with Sufi and Rajput ethos, presenting Alauddin as a misguided conqueror who repented his actions later. At the shooting stage itself, the film’s crew has already suffered two attacks — first, reportedly by the Rajput Karni Sena in Jaipur and more recently, arson on the film set in Kolhapur. Tod’s story was accepted as history by English educated nationalists, particularly in Bengal. The poem Padmavat, written in Awadhi around 1540 by the Sufi poet, Malik Muhammed Jayasi, mentions Padmavati for the first time. Intending to possess her, Alauddin imprisoned Ratansen through treachery. The political dimension in Padmavat, which was otherwise a typical Sufi romantic tale, can probably be attributed to the prevailing political situation. The legend captured European imagination as well, inspiring the French composer Albert Roussel to write an Opera ballet, Padmavati, which opened in Paris in 1923.Baijayanti Roy is Extruder replacement parts the author of The Making of a Gentleman Nazi: Albert Speer’s Politics of History in the Federal Republic of Germany. Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s film in the making, Padmavati is the latest of such creative ventures. The mirror episode itself was a late addition to the legend of Padmavati/ Padmini, the mythical queen of Chittor.Between late 16th to early 18th Centuries, several renditions of the legend were written under the auspices of the Sisodia rulers of Mewar who looked for a heroic past to legitimise their present political ambitions. Both the kings died in the ensuing battle. The film ended with Alauddin shedding tears of remorse at the sight of the carnage. Resolving to win her, Ratansen travelled to faraway Singhal.Was the queen, whose face ‘made powerful monarchs lose their wits,’ as the comic book Padmini (Amar Chitra Katha series) claims, a figment of imagination? She is not alluded to in historical sources like the chronicles written by Aamir Khusru and Ziauddin Barani, both of whom claimed that conquest of Chittor (1303) was simply a part of Alauddin’s imperialist policy.In the meantime, Devpal, the Rajput ruler of a neighbouring kingdom sent a marriage proposal to Padmavati, which she refused.. Glorification of the rulers of Mewar and vilification of Alauddin were rendered colonialist legitimacy by James Tod, resident of the East India Company at Udaipur from 1818-1823, through his book, The Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan (1829), according to which Padmini was the wife of Bhimsingh, uncle of Rana Lachhmansingh.

They adopted it to suit their patriotic quest for a glorious Hindu past during the Swadeshi movement in early 20th Century. A few days ago, self-appointed defenders of Padmini’s honour have smashed the mirrors, claiming that the queen did not show herself there. So did the patron goddess of Chittor, demanding sacrifice of royal blood from the Rana. For example in Abanindranath Tagore’s book Rajkahini (1909), Padmini ventured to wear the ornaments of the goddess of Chittor, thus becoming one with her. After a long siege of Chittor, Alauddin offered a truce. Since then, there have been divergent adaptations of the legend in multiple languages and for different target audiences. The dramatic potential of this tale was not lost. Ratansingh’s quest for Padmini became marginal.Deepika Padukone plays the legendary queen of Chittor in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s film Padmavati. After his return, as Padmavati informed him about this renewed insult to her honour, Ratansen set off to avenge her. A Tamil film, Chitoor Rani Padmini (1963) had Vyjayanthimala playing the title role, with many dance sequences. Lesser known Urdu versions of Padmavat also circulated in print. The mirrors were installed about fifty years ago for the benefit of tourists. Well known among such films is Jaswant Jhaveri’s Maharani Padmini (1964).Ranveer Singh plays Alauddin Khilji in Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s film Padmavati.Queen Nagamati was eliminated from these tales, presumably because polygamy did not conform to an idealised Hindu past. Roussel inserted an element of Greek tragedy for his European audience: In the finale, Padmavati killed her mortally wounded husband before immolating herself in his pyre. In 1875, Jyotirindranth Tagore wrote a drama based on this myth, which featured, apart from the popular actress Binodini, a live fire jauhar scene. In a sense, they are right. A number of fictional accounts of Padmini were now published in Bengali, where the queen was presented as an icon of Hindu feminine virtues and given voice and agency. When Ratansen banished a wily Brahmin, Raghav Chetan from his court, the vengeful pundit approached Sultan Alauddin Khilji and induced him to capture the ‘Padmini’ queen of Chittor. The mirror as a narrative device made its appearance here.In Jayasi’s Padmavat, Ratansen, the prince of Chittor, learnt of the incredible beauty of Padmavati, princess of Singhal, from her parrot Hiraman, who claimed that she was a ‘Padmini,’ the best among the four categories of women. By reviving memories of Alauddin Khilji’s subjugation of local rulers, the poem seemed to comment on the expansionism of the contemporary emperor, Sher Shah, to whom Jayasi dedicated the poem. The men perished fighting him and the women immolated themselves.

It was not a box office success, probably because the audience could not accept the chaste queen being frivolous enough to dance. In such chronicles, Ratansingh and Padmini epitomised the ideal Rajput king and queen. The king was subsequently rescued by Gora and Badal, two noblemen of Chittor.Unsurprisingly, Indian filmmakers also seized upon this saga, moulding it as they saw fit. Alauddin Khilji was demonised as an immoral Muslim invader, a contrast to the brave and virtuous Hindu Rajput nobility. King Devpal disappeared altogether, since the focus shifted to a Muslim versus Hindu binary.The mirrors, reflecting the queen’s luminous beauty, appeared to be lit by the light of a thousand lamps, leaving the emperor Alauddin Khilji dazzled. Alauddin resumed his siege and conquered Chittor. Millions of Bollywood fans are waiting for Mr Bhansali’s version, which hopefully contains spectacular shots, opulent costumes and melodious songs. Not any more. Until recently, this iconic moment could be imagined by tourists visiting the Chittor fort in Rajasthan by looking at the so-called ‘Padmini’s mirrors’, strategically placed inside. Many adventures later, he married the princess and brought her to Chittor. Padmavati, along with Ratansen’s first wife, Nagamati, immolated herself on the funeral pyre of Ratansen. Meanwhile, for curious minds, there are scholarly works, like the one by Ramya Sreenivasan, which explain the evolution of this engaging fable. It made Malik Kafur, Alauddin’s general, the real villain who instigated the emperor to attack Chittor. Though it claimed to celebrate ‘the memories of Rajput courage, bravery and chivalry’ in its opening credits, it seems to have followed the Urdu variant